energy transduction

Interpretation of the spatial charge displacements in bacteriorhodopsin in terms of structural changes during the photocycle -- D�r et al. 96 (6): 2776 -- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: "Bacteriorhodopsin (bR) is an integral protein in the plasma membrane of Halobacterium salinarum (1). Upon light absorption, bR transports protons across the membrane, converting the photon energy into the energy of a proton electrochemical gradient. bR is a single small protein and is the simplest known active ion pump and biological light energy transducer. Consequently, it is a prototype system for studying the basic steps and rules of biological energy transduction. "